Von der implizierten Willensfreiheit im letzten Eintrag zum Thema Freiheit und Verantwortung ist es kurzer gedanklicher Sprung, vor allem jetzt in der Vorpessachzeit. Ich bin diesmal gut dran. Mein Mann macht den physischen Pessachputz fast im Alleingang, und ich kann mich auf die spirituelle Seite konzentrieren.
Offensichtlich bin ich nicht die Einzige, fuer die diese Jahreszeit besonders mit solchen Gedanken verknueft ist.
I often think about freedom and what it means, perhaps more so at this time of year: Passover, the Jewish celebration of Freedom, begins next Monday at sunset.
It is natural for a working Psychoanalyst to think about Freedom, since so much of our work involves the attempt to elucidate the inner, unconscious chains, which bind our patients‘ minds.
Shrinkwrapped schreibt weiter:
Freedom of Speech and Thought were meaningless when our distant ancestors lived close to the edge, when survival transcended concerns about speech or thought. The world was the way it was, and did not allow for much in the way of free thought. In tribal settings, everyone was and is constrained by the needs of the tribe. Rights are far out-weighed by responsibilities. Freedom of Speech and Thought are quite literally non-sequitors; they are not meaningful concepts.
Modern Freedoms are only possible because man has become adept at creating structures which support large numbers of people in relative luxury.
(…) Modern concepts of freedom are only 3-4 thousand years old at best, a fraction of the time since Homo sapiens emerged in modern form.]
The movement from „free people“ to „free individuals“ is of even more recent vintage, and the movement from „free individuals“ to beginning the process of working out the internal constraints that prevent us from thinking freely is only ~100 years old. (…)
Bei der letzten Datierung moechte ich widersprechen. Die konzeptionelle Ueberleitung vom „freien Volk“ zum „freien Einzelnen“ ist auch schon in der Thora enthalten, siehe „Choose life“. Jedem Einzelnen wurde und wird die Wahl vorgelegt. Interessanterweise wird ja im Thoratext extra darauf hingewiesen, dass nicht nur die damals Anwesenden gemeint sind.
In einem anderen psychologischen Text wird der Zusammenhang von Freiheit und Selbsterkenntnis nicht weniger deutlich formuliert:
(…)
Otto Rank discusses the issue of freedom beautifully. Essentially, Rank states that the degree to which a person is unaware of those forces which influence us, they are controlled by them. Stated differently, the degree which we are unaware of how our drives, instincts, unconscious, and environment are influencing us, they control us. However, if a person chooses not to be aware of these influences, even if done so passively or unconsciously, a choice has still been made.
(…)
The process of change cannot begin until a person accepts responsibility. This is one of the difficult challenges of growth. In order to grow, a person must accept responsibility for what they have done to contribute to where they are at in life. If they have no responsibility, then they have little ability to change.
Gerade beim Stichwort Pessach wird von juedischer Seite regelmaessig betont, dass physische Freiheit von Sklaverei nicht ausreicht. Hier ein Beispiel:
The fact that a person has physically left a particular place does certainly not mean that he has culturally or spiritually left that place. To coin a phrase: ‚it was relatively simple to bring the Jews out of Egypt, but considerably harder to bring Egypt out of the Jews‘. The former can be called „Yetziat Mitzrayim“ „The coming out of Egypt“, the latter „Geulat Mitzrayim“ „The redemption from Egypt“. It took very little time to bring the people out of the borders of Egypt, but close to forty years to bring Egypt out of the people.
If we accept these two elements as being fundamental objectives, then we can certainly understand the answer of the father to the statement of the „wicked“ son. Indeed, had he been with us in Egypt he would certainly have come out – physically; however, he would not have been redeemed. The wicked son denies the service of G-d, of course he would have left Egypt, he would have crossed the borders into dessert land, but he would not have accepted the Torah, this he himself admits- thus he would not have been redeemed.
Pessach is therefore essentially the celebration of the physical exodus from Egypt. The festival begins on the historic date of leaving Egypt, and ends with the splitting of the sea, the absolute destruction of the mighty the Egyptian army, and consequently, the confirmation of freedom from slavery.
Shavuot, on the other hand is in celebration of the spiritual redemption from Egypt. Mattan Torah is the replacement of Egyptian culture with the real meaning of life.
Diese Argumentation geht von voellig anderen Hinweisen im Text aus, kommt aber zu sehr aehnlichen Ergebnissen:
Unleavened cakes, matzah, thus expresses a stage short of the ideal. The first unleavened bread was baked because the people „took their dough before it was leavened,“(Ex.12:34) and these unleavened cakes, removed from the oven before they turned into bread, were generally what was brought to the Temple.
Leavened bread was forbidden not only in the Temple, but also on Passover, throughout the settlements of the Children of Israel, „for whoever eats what is leavened, that person shall be cut off from the community of Israel.“ Beginning with the Feast of Unleavened Bread, fifty days are counted and at the end of this time two loaves are brought as an elevation offering (tenufa) to the Temple. The proscription against eating leaven during Passover and the obligation to count fifty days are symbolic of the notion that the festival of freedom does not express the ideal state, since it was precisely on this festival that leavened bread was forbidden throughout the Israelite’s settlements.
Beginning with the Feast of Unleavened Bread preparations commence for the day when the two loaves will be brought by the public to the Temple. The political freedom we received with the exodus from Egypt is not the end of the process, rather the beginning. After liberation one must count and prepare for the day when one is permitted to bring complete thanks, a thanksgiving offering of leavened bread, to the Temple. We learn from this that political freedom alone is not the ultimate ideal, only the first stage in a long process, at the end of which we arrive at our destination.
Und noch ein Beispiel (diesmal auf Deutsch)
Das Omer-Zählen
Am Ausgang des ersten Pessach-Feiertages wurde unter feierlicher Beteiligung des Volkes eine Garbe (hebr. „Omer“) Gerste geerntet und am nächsten Morgen als Erstlingsopfer im Jerusalemer Tempel dargebracht. Von dieser ersten Gerstenernte an, d.h. ab dem Ausgang des ersten Pessach-Feiertages, findet das sog. Omer-Zählen statt. Denn genau sieben Wochen, 49 Tage nach dem Darbringen des „Omer“, soll Schawuot, das Fest der Übergabe der Tora, begangen werden. Bis dahin zählen die Juden die Tage. Das Omer-Zählen findet auch heute noch im Rahmen des Abendgebetes statt. Ihm wird tiefe Bedeutung zugeschrieben: Die an Pessach erlangte physische Freiheit wird an Schawuot durch die geistige Freiheit vervollständigt. Letztere wird dem Menschen erst durch die Tora gewährt.
Natuerlich koennte argumentiert werden, dass hier moderne Konzepte rueckwirkend auf alte Texte projeziert werden. Fuer mein Teil aber scheint mir, dass die Texte das tatsaechlich schon beinhalten.
Und ja, ich meine wie Lila, dass diese Konzepte das ethische Rueckgrat auch des Zionismus bilden. Mit aller gebotenen Vorsicht scheint mir, dass der Codename „der 3. Tempel“ fuer den Staat Israel nicht ganz von der Hand zu weisen ist.
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